The Effectiveness Of Methods To Control Microorganisms Health Essay

The Effectiveness Of Methods To Control Microorganisms Health EssayIn the chase assignment I forget discuss the military posture of modes to control microorganisms in particular I will highlight the methods such(prenominal) as temperature, Immunisations and antibodies.Temperature is a huge factor in the growth of microorganisms along with regimen supply, pH levels and time. Refrigeration and halt play a role together in the growth of bacteria in foods. Freezing foods at low temperatures just now leaves large amounts of microorganisms dormant by being unactive which is an effective method of peremptory the spread of the microbes but not in the eradication of the microorganisms. As the temperature increases the microorganisms bend active and spread which can lead to illness. The types of bacteria found in refrigerated foods argon pathogenic bacteria and spoliation bacteria, such as salmonella, listeria, E.coli O157. these bacteria are present in large amounts of foods which prevail been repeatedly frozen again. Certain foods train different shelf lives to others be realize of this certain foods acquit to be frozen before the use by date for handiness of consumption. A refrigerator is an effective method for the control of microorganisms.Effectiveness of arbitrary microorganisms by freezing/refrigeration is visibly present as spoilage bacteria turns foods off, changing colour, fungi growth, they release bad odours and by freezing foods/refrigeration it lets foods be available for consumption for longer periods of time. There are over a million cases of food inebriation each year, 20,000 hospitalisations and viosterol deaths. This rate is slowly decreasing in the U.K. This costs the economy 1.5 jillion each year (Micbo 2012). In Northern Ireland and Scotland the risk of food poisoning from local food stores and food outlets was increasing at an alarming rate. The nutrition Standard histrionics devised a plan to introduce a system of rating ev ery food outlet and provider with a gradation from 1-5 on their business when it is inspected by a food safety incumbent from the businesss local authority. The hygiene rating shows how closely the business is meeting the requirements of food hygiene law (The Food Standards Act 1999). (FSA 2012) This scheme along with food hygiene legislation greatly decreases the rate of microorganisms growing and it is a great way that shows that when the rules are followed correctly the methods are effective in controlling microorganisms.An autoclave is a machine which operates highly pressurised steam, this is kn experience as sterilisation. sterilisation is the most effective method of controlling microorganisms. Due to autoclaves being employ in a large scoop of practise, every practise has their own set of guidelines in the use of autoclaves. With further research I have cogitate that the majority of autoclaves based on the University of Cardiffs research guidelines preform at the same capacity i.e. correct autoclaving will result in a 100% kill rate. It should therefore be the inaugural choice method (wherever practicable) both wild-type and genetic eachy modified micro-organisms. (UOC2012).With this information I can concluded that the use of autoclaves for example within a hospital or dental care practise is different to a lab environment autoclave. This factor that autoclaves in hospitals and dental care practises come into contact with a rate of different microorganisms and it is these microorganisms that spread disease. In do so some microorganisms have adapted and modified to insure survival such as prions, these prions do not eradicate at normal pressurised temperatures such as the emblematic 134 C for three minutes or 121 C for 15 minutes.The overall effectiveness in controlling microorganisms with the use of an autoclave is still considered to be the best method. Due to the factor of small amounts of prions still alive after autoclave it poses majo r concerns with transmitting control policies.Immunisations are one of the greatest achievements of medicine and it has saved millions of lives that have been spared from diseases.Immunisations can prevent diseases such as morbilli, mumps, epidemic roseola and a wider list ranging from anthrax to yellow fever. (DOH2012)(NHS,1.2012)Measles, mumps and rubella known as MMR our infectious diseases. Since the introduction of the MMR vaccination in 1998 the depend of children who develop the disease has fallen to a relatively low number.The MMR vaccine works by activating parts of the immune system to come antibodies against MMR. If you come into contact with one of the diseases your immune system will heighten antibodies to fight against it or them.According to BUPA UK after the first dose of the MMR vaccine, 64 out of 100 people will be saved against mumps, 90 out of 100 people will be protected against measles and 95 out of 100 people will be protected against rubella. After the s econd dose, 99 out of 100 people will be protected against all three illnesses. (Bupa2012)Controversy over the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine and its side effects caused by the produce findings by Dr Andrew Wakefield in 1998 caused a huge number of people not receiving their children vaccinated against MMR. His published findings showed a strong link between the MMR vaccine and autism and bowl disease. An probe of the published findings showed that by Dr Andrew Wakefield used controlled tests with selected individuals in which he based his findings on. This was a huge error in his findings which proved that Dr Andrew Wakefield findings where wrong but because these findings were published they caused panic for the public. MMR still has a foothold in the United domain and across Europe and it hasnt been totally eradicated like the infectious disease called smallpox. The division of Health along with the General Medical Council state that Over 90% of individuals will seroconver t to measles, mumps and rubella antibodies after the first dose of the MMR vaccines shortly used in the UK (DOH2010) which shows that it is a highly effective method.The Antibiotic was first discovered in 1928, the first antibiotic was called penicillin by Andrew Fleming. Penicillin is used to perform infections caused by bacteria. Over time these bacteria have become multi-resistant to antibiotics with the evil of antibodies which create new strains of bacteria known as super bugs such as (MRSA) Methicillin-resistant staphylococci aureus and (TB) Tuberculosis. According to the Northern Ireland strategical and Research Agency (2012) the number of deaths with Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA mentioned and recorded as the underlying cause on the death certificate by registration year, 2001-2011 with All Staphylococcus aureus at a percentage of 35% and MRSA with a percentage of 31%. Compared to 2001 All Staphylococcus aureus where at a percentage of 52% and MRSA at a percentage of 44% (NISRA2012). These findings show that the mortality rate for all Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in Northern Ireland is on the decline due to infection control policies, antibiotic administration policies and proper use of antibiotics. Therefore antibodies are extremely effective method for the control of microorganisms when used correctly in accordance with your doctor and policies (NICE 2012).Reference Section(Bupa2012) Bupa Information Resource website (2012) On how effective is the MMR vaccine? Accessed Online operational from http//www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/m/mmr-vaccine?tab=Resources (Date Accessed 23/11/12)(DOH2012) (NHS,1) segment of Health website NHS Choices website (2012) Immunisation facts Accessed Online Available from http//www.nhs.uk/Planners/vaccinations/Pages/Landing.aspx (Date Accessed 23/11/12)Department of Health (2010) and General Medical Council (2010) / NHS Publications of Immunisations statistics from 2009-10 with the present. A ccessed Online Available from https//www.wp.dh.gov.uk/immunisation/files/2012/07/Chap-21-dh_122643.pdf http//www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/immsstatisticsreplacement/imms%20200910%20replacement/Immunisations_Bulletin_2009_10_v2.pdf (Date Accessed 23/11/12)FSA 2012) Food Standards Agency. Food Safety Week statistics.*(2012.) Accessed Online Available from http//www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/fsw2012-toolkit.pdf (Date Accessed 23/11/12)(FSA 2012) Food Standards Agency. Food Standard Hygiene Act 1999 Accessed Online Available from http//www.food.gov.uk/enforcement/regulation/foodstandardsact (Date Accessed 23/11/12)(NICE2012) National Institute for Health and clinical Excellence Infection prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections in primary and federation care (2012) Accessed Online Available from http//www.ips.uk.net/uploads/guidelines/NICE%20Clinical%20Guidelines%20for%20Infection%20Control_CG139.pdf (Date Accessed 23/11/12)(NISRA2012) Northern Ireland Strateg ic and Research Agency (2012) Accessed Online http//www.nisra.gov.uk/demography/default.asp29.htm (Date Accessed 23/11/12)(Micbo2012) Microbiology Online Accessed Online Available fromhttp//www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-food(Date Accessed 23/11/12)(UOC2012) University of Cardiff evidence based research on the OSHEU Autoclave counsel Online Document effectiveness of the autoclave Accessed Online Available from http//www.google.co.uk/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CDAQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fosheu%2Fresources%2FAutoclave%2520Guidelines%2520draft%2520document.docei=Ee6uUJT4H8fD0QXp9oHIDwusg=AFQjCNEYNS-kN77ojA7_rYNFnSRywJKAggsig2=s1poyV8RmTH3TngWK-ijLQ (Date Accessed 23/11/12)