Jean Piaget And Albert Bandura - 946 Words

The theorists being compared in this discussion question would be Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura and how their theories fit into the developmental process. Both are great contributors to the field of psychology due to their theories on cognitive development. There are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory in term of ideas and subjects that were used. Jean Piagets was one of the most recognized and influential developmental psychologist in the 20th century. Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland on August 9th 1896 and he was known as a developmental psychologist. Being an educator, he believes that education was important and he said â€Å"only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent or gradual† Albert Bandura was born in Canada on December 4th, 1925 and he was known for pioneering the research on how environmental variable influences how people relate to each other. His Social Cognitive Theory pioneered learned behavior (Pajares, 2001) His theory on Cognitive Developmental Theory in a nutshell was how biology influences how children conceptualize and deal with task at different stages while growing up. Piaget’s theory focuses more on how children’s behavioral changes as they grow and how the children interact with their environment. For easy understanding, Piaget theory has a total of 3 components Cognitive Developmental Theory: 1. Schemas are abstractShow MoreRelatedHow Do Humans Develop Over A Lifetime? Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagestook off from there. Three main developmental psychologists named Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Albert Bandura had various theories explaining their research and views on how humans develop over a lifetime (Darwin). First and foremost, Jean Piaget was a famous figure relating to developmental psychology because he was credited with being the first to create an elaborate study on what he calls â€Å"stage theory†. His stage theory is as Jean calls it, the process of how humans develop and he argued thatRead MoreCognitive Learning Theory1475 Words   |  6 Pagestry to explain human behavior by understanding how we process and store new information. The cognitive theories of learning originated from the gestalt theory. The three major contributors to the cognitive learning theories were Jean Piaget, Edward Tolman, and Albert Bandura. In this paper, I will evaluate the work of all three theorists, demonstrate an understanding of the theory, and explain how the theory can be applied to our current educational environment. The gestalt theory was founded byRead MorePsy 203 Week 3 Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagespersonality development throughout the lifespan. a. Sigmund Freud b. Erik Erickson c. Jean Piaget d. Albert Bandura 6. Children tend to view the world based on their personal perspectives. The term for this is a. centration b. egocentrism c. ego identity d. narcissism 7. ___________ developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world. a. Jean Piaget b. Albert Bandera c. Erik Erikson d. Lev Vygotsky 8. ______________ theorized that childrenRead MoreMontessori Educational Approach And Early Childhood Education757 Words   |  4 Pagesauthority (Certini, 2012). The Montessori Method has many similarities with many recognized theorists approaches: Albert Bandura, B. F. Skinner, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygostky. For instance, Montessori based her approach based on scientific observations; and considered that the environment was a vital element for cognitive development. These two factors are also significant in Bandura, Skinner, Piaget, and Vygostsky’s works. More specifically speaking, Montessori believed that the type of environment playedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1132 Words   |  5 PagesPsychologist Jean Piaget was the first to make a study surrounding the theory of cognitive development. The interesting thing about Piaget’s way of studying was that he was more concerned about how children’s thoughts got to the answer in relation to their IQ rather than simply their ability to answer a question correctly. The cognitive development theory detailed observational studies of cognition in children by a series of tests, which furthermore revealed different cognitive abilities. BeforeRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Constructivist On Children s Development1461 Words   |  6 Pages2012) Jean Piaget was a biologist that studied his own children and thought children go through different stages of cognitive development grounded on four set stages. Piaget believed that children learn and develop best through exploring their own environment by using real objects and to discover things themselves. Piaget explained a schema to be a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning . (MCLEOD, Jean PiagetRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1503 Words   |  7 Pagescompare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. compare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. How applicable is the Social learning Theory to the Zambian Educational system. Both Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget were psychologists who contributed greatly in the field of psychology. This implies that there are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’sRead MoreExplain Different Concepts1726 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive (Piaget) Cognitive theories of development look at how thought processes and mental operations influence growth and change. Cognitive theory is looking at the development of a person s thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. One theorist and cognitive thinker was Jean Piaget, who gave an idea about how we think about child development. This is that children think differently than adults. Jean Piaget createdRead MorePiaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky1850 Words   |  8 PagesPiaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky Development is about the customary way that a child acts (Bruce Meggit, 2006). Child development is multidisciplinary. Several researches have put forward theories on the way children developed. These can be divided into the psychoanalytical theories, the learning theories, and the cognitive development theories. In this assignment, I will explain a number of these theories by showing what the theorists had developed. Jean Piaget: (Cognitive-developmentRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Theory Of Human Development Research1074 Words   |  5 Pagestherefore incorporates both nature and nurture. Piaget s Cognitive Development According to Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory, as children explore the world they actively construct knowledge. Jean Piaget viewed development as a biological concept of adaptation where just like the structures of the body adapt to the environment so do the structures of the mind (Berk, 2014, p. 15). The theory is supported by both nature and nurture. Piaget states that cognitive and intellectual growth depend

Organizational Change And The Implementation Of The Change...

Introduction: Organisational change and the implementation of the change is a relevant issue when analysing the Nora case. Organisation change is the ability of an organisation to change over time and is reliant on the ability of the organisation to change the individual behaviour of individual employees (Robertson, Roberts and Porras, 1993). Organisational change is a common occurrence in modern organisations and the change can come from new employees to new strategies. It is relevant in the case where organisational change is occurring however a lack of communication about the change has cause issues among the organisation and its clients. The iceberg model created by George Clampitt (2005) will be used in the analysis of the case and therefore recommendations can be made based on the conclusions. Background: The unexpected consequence of implementing change is a relevant issue when analysing the Nora case. Nora is a social worker at Bridges Care and Village, Clevedon, South Auckland. Charity Trust National controls the operations and Bridges Care and Village, is one of the care centres they provide for the elderly. The organisation was originally structured using a communal based model; drug, alcohol, social, and child services. Charity Trust National now seek to change the organisations structure and split services into three categories; age, community and residential. Georgina, one of the staff tells Nora that there will be change to the whole organisation, resultingShow MoreRelatedChange Implementation Plan. Introduction. Managing Organizational1589 Words   |  7 PagesChange Implementation Plan Introduction Managing organizational change is an essential part of organizational success and an inevitable part of any business. Change in an organization is caused by changes in technology, changes in regulatory requirements, changes in processes, and changes in growth (Schoology, 2017). In order for change to be successful, managers must understand the intricacy of how change is managed and implemented. Change is said to be evolutionary when it is related to environmentalRead MoreCisco’s It Implementation of an Organizational Change and Advanced Services for Operational Success2435 Words   |  10 Pagesthe cost in order to improve organizational wide productivity. There are many CEO’s of the business world today that suggest the top priority of an any organization is to possess the ability to develop a sense of new ideas and innovations. (Porter, Stern Council on Competitiveness, 1999). The term â€Å"innovation† used by organization’s simply illustrates the invention of a new product, processes and systems that which are simply created to adapt to the constant change in markets, technologies as wellRead MoreProject Management Methodology For Reducing Organizational Change Implementation Costs And Save Resources Essay957 Words   |  4 Pagesproject methodology is a written agenda that firms use to achieve goals. Even the simplest organizational changes can benefit from project management. A project manager’s goal is to reduce organizational change implementation costs, save valuable time and make sure that new ideas are successfully implemented as often as possible. Depending on a company’s needs, this plan can have a definite shape or change rapidly as staff members make new discoveries. All industries, from construction to informationRead MoreWrite a Proper Evaluation of How Your Organizational Culture Is Enhancing or Obstructing Strategy Implementation. Suggest Changes That Should Be Made to Culture to Enhance Perfor mance.1661 Words   |  7 Pagesassumptions. Thus Econet’s employees across all submit, hold the dominant values that is, pioneering, professionalism and personal. These values are also institutionalized through well-established artifacts, thereby making it difficult for those values to change. Furthermore, this culture is long-lasting; as it can be traced back to Strive Masiyiwa company founder’s values and assumptions Culture is formed by screening and selecting new employees who share the same values as your organization. However, cultureRead MoreEssay on Organizational Change Part I1362 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Change Plan Part 1 HCS 587 Organizational Change Plan Part 1 Organizational change is difficult, although necessary to support growth and excellence in the market place. The concept of change can have negative connotations among employees, especially if change implementations have not been successful in the past. This paper is going to describe the need for change, barriers to change, factors that might influence change, readiness for change, the theoretical change model thatRead MoreOrganizational Change and Healthcare Management Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagescare organizations in their effort to become more efficient and address changes in the industry have altered their strategic business plans. Lee Alexander (1999) researched organizational change in hospitals and their survival, in this paper I hope to discuss their findings and add other examples to validate their conclusions. Core and Peripheral Changes with Regard to Hospital Re-organization Found in the organizational structure and studied in hospital re-organization is the core and peripheryRead MoreA Research Study On Project Management922 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge areas and process groups: Change Management and Project Management. Change management in this paper is understood as a subset of organizational development, defined as â€Å"the set of behavioral science-based theories, values, strategies, and techniques aimed at the planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance† (Weick Quinn, 1999). To understand change management this paper utilized the distinctionRead MoreOrganizational Change Essays1078 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational change can be intimidating for business leaders. The internet hosts several sites for small consulting firms that specialize in helping corporate leaders initiative positive change in their organizational culture. One such firm, Change Management Solutions, Inc., (CMS) uses a five-step change model, which encompasses contemporary collective and collaborative theories and models of change and change leadership. The firm considers culture, organizational leadership, and change planningRead MoreOrganizational Change And Development Of Management1593 Words   |  7 Pages Organizational Change and Development in Management Teresa Sjostrom When Leadership Predestines Failure: The Story of Blue Cloud Development Introduction The CEO of Blue Cloud Development, Shel Skinner, is troubled by the performance of his organization and seeks alternatives to the current methods of operation that may help to improve the cycle time for the release of new software products. Locating a new methodology that he believes will reduce the cycle timeRead MoreImplementing An Effective Change Management Program Essay847 Words   |  4 Pageseffective change management program as well as effective Business Continuity Management program. Team 5, Mr. Halamka’s top staff members, has been asked to provide further analysis and refined recommendations to the board of directors to ensure they fully understand all the options available as the organization implements organization change. After thorough analysis and review the Team is prepared to make its recommendations. 1. Implement an effective change management program Why is change management

Strategic Environmental Scanning and Organization - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Environmental Scanning and Organization. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is an Australia based metal and petroleum company which had been also tagged as largest mining company in 2015 around the world. It was founded in 1885 and company is in the public limited sector. Moreover, the company deals in mining of various mineral resources such as copper, coal, iron ore, potash and petroleum along with the fact that established in 25 countries (BHP Billiton, 2017). There are various performance indicators that help the company in competing with the opponent organizations at a global level. Firstly, long-term credit rating that is associated with the credit risk and rating aspect to meet the financial obligations with the ability and desire to achieve best grade (BHP Billiton, 2014). The company always tries and represents A+ credit rating in the standards and poors indicator as well as A1 in Moodys in long-term credit rating. Secondly, underlying EBIT is indicator related to revenue with the net finance costs, taxation and any exceptional items where company successfully increases commissioning and decrease commodity prices also raise the depreciation and amortization expenses as an impact of inflation on cost (BHP Billiton, 2014). Lastly, total shareholder return enables the company on persistent return to shareholders and dividend holders of both share prices and dividend payments. It provides comparison of companys performance with other com petitors. Internal Environmental Analysis BHP billion also has a product portfolio in liquefied petroleum, aluminum and other precious metals like gold and silver. The company approaches in market with the product diversification strategy to capture the position in wide market. BHP Billiton has always shown the upward trend in commodity market of mining industry (BHP Billiton, 2017). The administration of tangible assets are being effectively managed by the company, however, optimum utilization of assets are not a strong skill of the company. For measurement of the financial performance of the company, it implements the balanced scorecard technique. In case of core competency, it consists of aspects like learning prospects, internal business processes, growth and development opportunities and prospective customers/clients (Babatunde and Adebisi, 2012). In addition to this, the company operates its business in a very large area and leads in the market of mining with the capability to move its basic resources and skills to any where in the world. Resources of the company are divided into two parts tangible and intangible, which can or cannot be physically visible correspondingly (Mackenzie, 2016). Apart from that brand name of the company is very useful resource for the company, quality of products and creativeness in managing and capability are intangible resources while skilled labor, advanced drilling machineries, plants and hydraulic pumps are imperative resources of BHP Billiton. Main capabilities examples entail quality service delivery, standards operating model which manages internal and external affairs of the organization systematically plus BHP Billiton has various strategies and trained experts to handle any challenging and adverse situation (Mackenzie, 2016). Lastly, the core competencies of the company are such as portfolio of tier 1 liquid opportunities with conventional deep water. Next is drilling of Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico along with this, wells and hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico and Shenzi North respec tively. VRIO analysis of BHP Billiton A VRIO analysis offers an insight on the strategic approach implemented by the companies and their conceptual framework to carry out the essential management part (Schermerhorn, 2011). It provides the exploration of capabilities and availability of resources in the organization. In case of BHP Billiton VRIO analysis has been examined to explore all the aspects related to the Value, Rarity, Immutability, and Organization as follows: Value: The parameters and opportunities that checks on the availability of resources and ability to use these resources optimized are being explored in this section. It also provides the scenario that describes market position of the company with the influencing factors that act as strength in the organization (Henry, 2011). In other words it exposes the positive aspects of the company which resists threat of a particular process in the market. BHP Billiton has a very effective supply chain and successfully handles its resource management. Thus, resource capability as to compete in the market cannot be achieved by any other competitor with the same rates in the same market. Rarity- The company is imperatively access and capable of resourcing the wide range of assets to take the competitive advantage over other competitors (Henry, 2011). Thus, being resourceful and availability of ample of different assets to offer in the market of mining industry gives a dominating position to the BHP Billiton. Immutability- It facilitates the analysis of internal environment of any organization which determines the capabilities framework of VIRO analysis. In the context of BHP Billiton capability related to procurement and creation of resources and sufficiency of cost disadvantage in case of resources are major aspects in the following case. Valuable and high level resources collection is very difficult from other companies in comparison to BHP Billiton (BHP Billiton, 2017). Therefore, the company has two choices as ensuring optimum utilization of the resources available to the company or grabbing external opportunities in the market. Organization- This last procedure is to make the optimum utilization of the resources and organize resource availability in the organization comes in this section. The sustained competitive advantage is being enjoyed by the company because of the large scale mining or production of metals from a very long time. Managerial decision is consisting of Informal and formal modes in the BHP Billiton where control and management system integrated with the strategic management in the organization (BHP Billiton, 2017). Thus, these factors help the company in the stability and maintaining their position of the organization in the market (Henry, 2011). These factors like capability to arrange the resources and several amount of differentiated assets assists the company to achieve competitive advantage. Value Chain analysis The supply chain and value chain analysis are the most basic and fundamental operations of the company. It acts as a decision supporting tools and ensures the competitive edge over other competitors. Along with this, it maintains and supplies of valuable products and services of the company plus helps in operations, functions and performance of the organization to attain its goals and objectives (Sadler, 2003). In case of BHP Billiton, supply chain management entails various processes such as extraction of raw material, mining, manufacturing or procedure to convert raw material into final goods. At the very beginning as a primary activity all the extracted metals or raw material direct form the mining are shifted to the manufacturing site, where metals extracted from mines like silver ores, manganese, iron ore and metallurgical coal (BHP Billiton, 2017). The BHP Billiton focuses on the administration and management of operation of conversion of raw material in finished work. As a supportive activity, these metals are then procured for the finished process and transferred to the manufacturing site (Harrison and St. John, 2013). Manufacturing sites has plants and equipment that renovate raw material to finished goods. In addition to this, BHP Billiton has introduced softwares, hardware and technological knowhow to assist the extraction and conversion process of finished goods in the manufacturing units (BHP Billiton, 2014). Accounting and financing and controlling maintaining communication and public relation as a secondary supportive activity of BHP Billion. Supply chain management is an imperial part of the BHP Billiton because it is mainly based on the operation and functions of manufacturing and converting raw product into final product. Hence, as a strategic approach in the functions of manufacturing department high quality supply chain or value chain integration gives easy and appropriate results (Morden, 2016). Value chain of organization controls and preserve the distribution channels, allocation of resources and the supply chains. With the effective execution of strategies and value chain processes, performance of the BHP Billiton has been improved and there are many new addition and technology changes that provide growth in the machinery standards of the company too (BHP Billiton, 2017). Furthermore, the challenges related to financial viability in the business operations act as encouraging aspects for the organization. BHP Billiton holds values, beliefs and respects in the work culture in the internal environment of the organization (BHP Billiton, 2014). Moral principles, business integrity, individual consideration and motivation and appreciation of workers are entailed in the organizational culture to inspire and encourage the workforce for greater productivity and performance. The culture of BHP Billiton emphasizes on the individual as well as organizational goals to develop and flourish in the market (Mackenzie, et al., 2012). Business security and audits are the duties of financial committee of the company. Thereby, accounting of the company is also handled by the professionals as a transplant and clear recording of financial performance. Conversely, the company has independent director policies and strategic customized approaches to deal with the long-term incentive plan for the executive leadership (Stead, 2014). All of the operations and functions of the company are closely watched and consented by the managers of the company (Grnig and Khn, 2015). It is also describes essential business activity that involves consents of the managers which is highly impacted by the social environment regarding obligatory performances (Thompson and Martin, 2010). It encourages transparency and clarity in accounting and financial management which also gives advantage in industry and community. Strategic Issues in the Management The strategic issues of the company are defined in four parts which will explain each section problem in brief that is uncertainty, volatility, complexity and ambiguity as follows: Uncertainty: It is daily routine business problems (Robbins, 2013). It is associated with the incapability to see risks in the market which can drastically affect the organization. There are various types of uncertainties such as political, technical, macro-environment and social limitations due to internationalization and globalization in the market. Along with this, BHP Billiton also faces uncertainty problems but quickly resolve these issue with the help of high professionals and experts I the company (BHP Billiton, 2017). Volatility- it is comprised of difficulties in the price stability in the process of conversion form the raw goods to final production. Along with this, BHP Billiton faces challenges in the price of raw material of precious mate due to globalised market prices, government policies and imposing rules as well as external environmental change (BHP Billiton, 2017). It is also relevant with the changes in the strategies company follows for the price fixation. Complexity: it regarded as major strategic difficulties in the management and leadership change. Time to time BHP Billiton also faces these challenges to improve the current situation and as a growth and development aspect (Jia and Tomasic, 2009). Ambiguity: the impact of environmental issues comes in the BHP Billiton which is high level problem and member of top level management has to watch over these issues. Green gas and toxic gas release is the main concern in BHP Billiton (BHP Billiton, 2014). This issue is being monitored by the companys experts and technological department to minimize the environmental harm. Conclusion From the above text, it can be inferred that BHP Billion is a leading company in the mining sector and continuously expanding its business worldwide. The company has attained the competitive advantage because of its ability of resource management in the minimized cost. The company is dealing with various precious, semi-precious metals along with the petroleum, iron, manganese and aluminum mining. The company has a process that changes raw material into finished goods carried on with the technology integrated in the manufacturing units. Additionally, the company is facing environmental issue as strategic problem which is in progress being handled by experts and professionals. Reference Babatunde, B. O., and Adebisi, A. O. 2012. Strategic Environmental Scanning and Organization Performance in a Competitive Business Environment. Economic Insights Trends and Challenges 64(1), pp. 24 34. BHP Billiton. 2014. Investors Report. [Online].Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/reports/2014/bhpbillitonannualreport2014_interactive.pdf?la=en [Accessed on: 10 May 2017]. BHP Billiton. 2017. About Us. [Online].Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com [Accessed on: 10 May 2017]. BHP Billiton. 2017. BHP Billiton executives warned they could face charges if they shift company out of Australia [Online].Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/may/04/bhp-executives-warned-they-could-face-charges-if-they-shift-company-out-of-australia [Accessed on: 10 May 2017]. Grnig, R., and Khn, R. 2015. The Strategy Planning Process: Analyses, Options, Projects. Springer. Harrison, J. S., and St. John, C. H. 2013. Foundations in Strategic Management. 6th ed. Cengage Learning. Henry, A. 2011. Understanding Strategic Management. OUP Oxford. Jia, X., and Tomasic, R. 2009. Corporate Governance and Resource Security in China: The Transformation of China's Global Resources Companies. Routledge. Mackenzie, A. 2016. BHP Billiton outlines strategy to grow value. [Online].Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/media-and-insights/reports-and-presentations/2016/05/bhp-billiton-outlines-strategy-to-grow-value [Accessed on: 13 May 2017]. Mackenzie, B., et al. 2012. IFRS 2013: Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards.10th ed. John Wiley Sons. Morden, T. 2016. Principles of Strategic Management. 3rd ed. Routledge. Robbins, S. 2013. Management: the Essentials. Pearson Higher Education AU. Sadler, P. 2003. Strategic Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Schermerhorn, J. R. 2011. Exploring Management. John Wiley Sons. Stead, W. E. 2014. Sustainable Strategic Management. Routledge. Thompson, J. L. and Martin, F. 2010. Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA.

Strategic Human Resource Management Modern Competitive Business

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resource Management for Modern Competitive Business . Answer: Introduction In the modern competitive business environment, human resource management is the vital aspects of the management because the performance of an individual in a corporation largely driven by the work culture or work atmosphere that prevails the workplace. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), human resources are not just mobilizing the workforce, but it also stimulates the capabilities of each employee of an organization. To secure integration of individual and groups in securing organizational effectiveness, managers are ready to maintain high moral and good human relation within the organization (Purce 2014). In this context, managers are in process to plan the strategic human resource. This process will identify the current and future human resource needs for an organization to accomplish its goals. This researcher will develop a human resource plan for Myer. The company has been engaged in departmental retail store business in Australia. This report will critically discuss the key strategic HR issues which make the entire organization difficult to deliver their regular operations and many conflicts are identified during the recent times. The researcher will be taken an approach to resolve those identified issues. Here Mayer would like to incorporate 12 month human resource management plan. In this plan, the researcher will highlight several areas such as management of performance, training and development, promotion and succession planning, change management, culture of the staff and so on. Here the purpose of the report is to identify key areas of human resource planning so that organization can resolve their key strategic issues and establish a healthy employer-employee relationship within an organization. Company vision and strategy Myer is the iconic name of the history of the retail business of Australia. The founder of Myer, Sidney Myer has long been remembered as a visionary of the retail industry. Under his philanthropists leadership, the company welcomed consumers to experience amazing departmental stores, known for its international service offerings and merchandise. Myers aim at providing the highest standard of service and ensure the consistency to accomplish and exceed the shopping expectations (Myer 2016). Myers future dynamic vision is to being an international class retail business providing inspiration to everyone (Myer 2016). Underpinned a well-structured strategy, the company has been expanded their business in seventy five stores in Australia. However, there some issues have been identified within their workplace because clients have been less satisfied receiving the end service from their departmental stores. The researcher have identified that the company faced problem in the diversity management work culture into their workplace. Since the business has been concentrating to expand their ranges of products, employees are facing immense pressure from the upper management. Though the company visualizes providing best quality services to their consumers, Meyers has been struggling to diversify their work culture and thus deteriorates the employee-employers relationship. Key Strategic HR issues Since its inception, Myer has been delivered ranges of products and accomplishes maximum consumers expectations. To sustain the competitive retail position, the company incorporated the diversified culture within their workplace which emerges a lot of issues and major challenges related to discriminatory actions taken by the coworkers. The major issues are related to the strategic human resource management in relating to the HR decision making that make its strategic implementation so difficult. Some of the identified strategic human resources are as follows: Issues regarding the adapting to a rapidly changing worker profiles: Being the Australias biggest retailer, the consumer expectation is really high and this is the main driving force workers are working with handling huge pressure. While consumers in southern states had tightened their purse strings in recent months, Myer has found Queensland a strong spot for the company and expand their business in 2008 (Myer 2016). Since then the human resource department has shifted one workers profile to another for allocating employees to the companys diverse location. After these strategic decisions have implemented, the employee productivity has been reduced. Now the company has been facing challenges because many experienced employees are departing the workforce, leaving a leadership void. Understanding the subtleties of workers qualifications: Due to having a huge competition in the retail market, Myers instigates their employees to perform better and generate more consumer responses, however the ranges of skills that employees need to have not being updated by the provided educational systems of the company (Myer 2016). As the business expands and hire beyond borders, the human resource department of Myers was required to collaborate with other functions of the organization. Here the adequate management training sessions needs to be incorporated but not included by the management of Myers. Strategic vision and the ability to handle complexity were cited to be the most difficult skills to find among serious executives, managers of Myers (Bamberger, Biron and Meshoulam 2014). Retaining and engaging a challenging workforce: Mayer has a longstanding history of local community support and engagement, but the management is in concern because that long lasting support has been missing in the workers engagement activities. To accomplish the vision of the company, Myers has been extensively expanded their businesses and diversified products but failed to enhance employees benefit during the diversified business operation. Most of the employees complaints that HR of Myers failed to understand that employees are the most imperative part of their retail business. This results de-motivated employees and high rate of retention within the workplace. The most challenging part for the management of Myer is to retain those valuable employees and sustain the employees productivity. Aligning best practice technologies to global management strategy: Improved technology has been applied by the management to enhance competitive advantages in the market which definitely help to sustain the leading position in the market, however, this global management strategy raised many issues related to the operational filed of the management (Ulrich 2013). This has expanded the cross cultural diversity and communicational excellence within employees but the company has less potential labor market position which has limited access or non-adequate technological literacy (Shields et al.2015) Diversified team maintenance: Due to operating under diversified market, the organization promotes their products in the cross border or remote locations. However this has become challenging for the management of the organization to manage cross border teams. Furthermore, the organization realized that there are some obvious practice obstacles in running the virtual team. Human Resource Plan (12 months) To resolve the above mentioned key strategic issues of Myer, the company needs to develop a human resource plan for a specified period. The researcher has ensured that the planning will be served as a link between human resource management and the entire strategic plan of Myer. Here the researcher will strategically implement this plan by following key initiatives. The rationale will be justified the choices of the initiatives. Furthermore the research will evaluate the success measure after identifying its impacts on the employees. Key initiatives: As per the top management teams collective view the following strategic programs will be incorporated to address the identified HR issues: i) Performance Management: Rationale: Myer cant just hire employees to assume that they will do well. There are some specific guidelines, oversights and periodic reviews to let the human resource management know what he/she going to be achieved and to make sure they deliver their best performance. For this, Myer will development a performance management programs to enhance productivity, recognize the top performers, motivate employees for working hard (Storey 2014). However, this can be ensured by the HR department that such program must align with hiring and talent development plans. The following steps of Performance management are as follows: Step 1: Identifying the role-based competencies and behavior for every employees Step 2: Assess the performance improvement on monthly basis Step 3: Performance review by the upper management Step 4: Acknowledge the performance ii) Training and development: Rationale: Training and development initiatives need to be incorporated for employees which will enhance employee productivity, accelerated employee motivation, performance excellence and so on (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). Step 1: Access needs for training: The top management needs to identify the needs of the training program. Here the training module needs to be assessed on priority basis. This program must align with the organizational strategic objectives. Step 2: Set the firms objectives: At the employee level, the proposed training module needs to be matched with the areas of improvement. Step 3: Develop training action plan: Based on the learning theories, a comprehensive training action plan needs to be developed. Here the participants learning style must be assessed by the HR department. Step 4: Collect feedbacks: Once the training program complete, the company needs to collect feedbacks from the participants and record advises for the enhancement of the training program. iii) Promotion/Succession planning: Rationale: Succession planning is the efforts to enable the right people in the right place at the right time to get the desired results (Jiang et al. 2012). To enhance the employee effectiveness, the organization needs to initiate promotional or succession planning. This plan should be incorporated by monthly basis. However this plan would be successful if Myer provide stability in their leadership. This planning program consists with five steps: Step 1: Critical position identification: The projection data of workforce is significant to identify risk areas. Succession planning effort should be specified by identifying the risks of the organization. Step 2: Define competencies: A clear understanding of the employee capabilities needs to be assessed on frequent manner. This plan needs will assess the future competencies of each employees. This data gives the clear idea about the key responsibilities of the position and qualifications of the employees. Step 3: Strategies for effective succession planning: In this section, the critical position has been identified and this has been implied for competencies. Later the organization will chose the suitable HR strategies such as internal talent pools, on boarding, and recruitment to address succession planning. Step 4: Document and execute succession plan: After the identification of strategies, Myer will develop the action plan. This action plan provides a clear allocation of role, responsibilities of employees along with defining timelines for the same. Step 5: Employee effectiveness evaluation: This planning program must be evaluated systematically and Myer must evaluate the gathered data and make required adjustment. iv) Change management: Rationale: If Myer feel that the employee management plan needs to be developed freshly or to renovate to some extent then change management plan needs to be developed by the top most executives of Myer. This is suitable for the HRM because new demands or priorities may be incorporated in the change management plan (Bratton and Gold 2012). The following steps required to be followed: Step 1: Justify and identify the decision to change such as gap of the performance, new technologies and so on. Step 2: Identify the stakeholders support before the implementing this strategic decision Step 3: The change management plan must be developed by communicating with all stakeholders Step 4: Development of communication plan: Communicate with all employees, shareholders to develop better employee-employer relationship. v) System of Acknowledgment Rationale: Mayer needs to develop performance acknowledgement program to motivate employees. Method: Providing benefits like incentive, bonus, and yearly performance appraisal will be given to acknowledge key performers of the organization (Hoque 2013). This gives the motivation and encourages employee to perform better. This kind of efforts develops a long term relationship between employees and employers. vi) Manpower planning Rationale: Manpower planning or human resource planning consists of putting suitable people at the right places in the appropriate timeframe (Buller and McEvoy 2012). This is a significant aspect in order to maintain the industrialization. However, if such planning is carried out following the systematic procedure, then this program would be considered as an effective human resource management program. Step 1: Step the objectives of the manpower planning: By this process, Myer will fit the employees ability to the requirement of the organization. This plan may be developed for short term or long term basis. Step 2: Ascertain future manpower plan: The organization will estimate the organizational structure for the specific time. Step 3: Audit the human resources: Future human resource must be estimated to ascertain the present manpower supply of Myer. Step 4: Analysis of job: The organization will analyze the recorded details of training, qualifications, skills, abilities, past experiences and so on. vii) Recruitment Rationale: This is one of the vital steps for developing human resource plan. The fair, transparent recruitment process must be developed by the HRM of Myer. This will definitely accelerate the effectiveness of the employees within the workforce (Purce 2014). The management will give priority to the peoples skill, knowledge, previous experience and lastly the future potentiality. For this, Mayer will arrange face to face interview, psychometric test for assessing the ability of reasoning and decision making and so on. vii) Management of Information Rationale: Consumers have ever increasing expectations in terms of the quality, speed and other resources (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). Therefore, the recorded information and relevant data can help Myer to handle the complexities through achieving efficiency and cost savings, making the best use of assets and exploit opportunities or taking advantages. For all these reasons, Mayer needs to maintain management information for better control of the organization. The systematic process is as follows: Step1: Developing a data inventory to identify the types and location of the data of Myer Step2: Data will be secured to provide right and authentic information to their stakeholders Step 3: Classify and scheduling such recorded data will be maintained by retention policy. Step 4: The organization will provide clear guidelines for internal and external users of the organization to reduce the costs and risks. All these programs must be prioritized as per the requirement of Myer for the twelve months plan: Activity (Program) Priority Time frames Success measure Recruitment 1 For 12 months Transparent recruitment process accelerate employee productivity Manpower planning 2 Two plans for 6 months each Employees work satisfaction acquiring the right position System Acknowledgement 3 End of the last month of year Encourage and satisfy employees and motivates to work harder Change management 4 Once Provide employee a flexible work culture Performance Management 5 Makes effective recruitment process and suitable employees get employed Training and Development 6 Developed skills, knowledge which enhanced performances Succession planning 7 Once Enhance employee effectiveness (Source: Created by author) Conclusion This report has clearly discussed the importance of human resource management plan in an organization. The chosen company, Mayer has been struggling with some strategic HRM issues which can be resolved if the organization maintain a structured human resource programs. Such program must be developed by the top management people after assessing the requirement and expected benefits of employees. References: Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bamberger, P.A., Biron, M. and Meshoulam, I., 2014. Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013. Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), pp.43-56. Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoque, K., 2013. Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management Journal, 55(6), pp.1264-1294. Myer. (2016). Myer. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Storey, J., 2014. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Ulrich, D., 2013. Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press.

Shuzworld Company

Workflow at Shuzworld (Discussion and Recommendations) Shuzworld’s case embraces the aspects of workflow. This section of the paper discusses the workflow provisions and provides appropriate recommendations applicable in this context.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shuzworld Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will ensure credible workflow augmentation in the Shuzworld Company with specific reference to Chinese plants. For example, the workflow in the production system is not efficient enough to serve growing demands for several types of shoes globally. It is notable that the company takes nearly 46 minutes to produce one Rugged Wear Workboots product. There are recommendation on how this timeframe can be reduced (per process) to ensure efficiency, quality, and enhanced output. Workflow recommendations and Justifications Firstly, it is recommendable for the company to use sound management princi ples and decision analysis in order to make sense of the available options. Although it is impossible to merge some of the processes due to protocol disparities, it is recommendable to restructure the production line as Catherine Pang drew it on the white board. The company will save time and money as demanded by any proficient workflow. This is a critical provision when considered critically. It is notable that the workflow can either proceed to B or C after passing through process A. Process E and F can also be selected for viability and time factor. Supportively, Shuzworld should use process ACDEGH, which will consume only 36 minutes instead of the current 46 minutes. Thus, it is appropriate to assert that the company should restructure its production line/processes as shown the subsequent output forms. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shuzworld’s Rugged Wear Wo rkboot Assembly Schedule Task Prospected time after merging (Minutes) Predecessors A 10 None C 3 A D 8 C E 3 D G 3 E H 9 G TOTAL 36 Another recommendation is that the company can increase the number of its workstations within china in order to curb the workflow challenges. Additionally, it can purchase more machines that will be able to handle numerous tasks simultaneously. Relying on fewer machines might distract the production system especially when one machine breaks down. Another recommendation is for the company to hire proficient and reliable workforce capable of operating the machines faster and accurately. This will help in enhancing the workflow and other related concerns. Additionally, Shuzworld ought to improve the efficiency of its plants by enhancing competence and providing the correct number of workstations. The company should also schedule the production of new products coherently in order to enhance the workflow. It is also important to enhance t he reliability of the three machines meant to produce casual deck shoes. One production process should not interfere with others. Notably, the company has been grappling with the reliability of machines. If one machine breaks down, the production is highly affected. Indeed, no shoes are produced if one machine has a problem. Therefore, there is the need for the company to improve the reliability of the machines in the plant by acquiring other reliable ones. These should be put on standby waiting to replace the broken ones. This will obviously enhance operations and the ultimate output of the concerned operators. Alternatively, the company can hire new employees, train them appropriately, and nurture their workmanship in order to enhance the workflow, productivity, and profitability of the company. This decision will reduce delays, lower labor costs and improved output.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shuzworld Company specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More With regard to frequent machine breakdowns, the company can acquire new machine models or hire qualified machine repairers then distribute them to different plants for reliability and efficiency. Another recommendation is to assign operators on jobs they know best. Instead of having four operators, whose labor costs shift from one process to another, the company can facilitate the specialization of employees on single jobs. For instance, job machine operator C ought to handle process 1 owing to reduced amounts of costs. Indeed, the company can save at least $3 dollars in this process. Second, Machine operator B ought to handle process 2 due to the cost efficiency as well. Process 3 should be the work machine operator D while the last process should be the work of operator A. Job Machine Operator A B C D 1 $10 $12 $10 $11 2 11 9 11 11 3 9 8 11 9 4 10 8 9 10 Justification Output By improving the company’s workflow, the co mpany will increase its output. At the outset, there will be an apparent and a marginal reduction of labor costs ($4) associated with machine operators. Besides, specialization improves the quality and the flow of work due to the improved skills for the specialists as depicted by Ryan (2009). Second, the company will also enhance its ability to meet its customers’ needs without having by increasing its machines and hiring some skilled professionals. Although the company will incur significant costs by hiring more laborers to handle the new sandal line, it will break even within the second month of operation. Therefore, no customers will be waiting in the line. Below is the output form after the required changes. Copy of the prospected output Task Prospected time after merging (Minutes) Predecessors A 10 None C 3 A D 8 C E 3 D G 3 E H 9 G TOTAL 36 Output for machine operators Job Preferred operator Cost 1 A $10 2 D $11 3 B 8 4 C 9 Work Flow A nalysis Tool The Shuzwolrd case demand a viable workflow analysis tool, which addresses all the issues fronted to the new employee ranging from the assembly line issues to inventory challenges. The decision analysis tool was chosen because it was comprehensive and could tackle all the issue that faces the company. Additionally, it could give quick and well-analyzed resolutions to the issue faced within the company and the industry at large. Concurrently, the tool could be used specifically in some areas to address particular issues raised by Cynthia Crowninshield, Alistair Wu, Catherine Pang, and Gloria Rodriguez among others.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, when analyzing the mall store sales, the tool can prefers on employing one efficient cashier for cost effectiveness. Another reason behind this choice is the ability to attain precise decisions on critical matters. It is important to claim that the analysis tool used in scrutinizing the mentioned workflow and other relevant provision is viable, feasible, and applicable in various contexts. It is from this concern that the entire workflow concerns rest. Precisely, the tool used is practicable, considerable and comprehensible indicating its applicability in this context. This is an important consideration. Cost Analysis Analysis of the initial and ongoing costs The entire costs that the company incurs include the costs associated with inefficiencies evident in highlighted workflow analysis ranging from assembly line issues to transportation factors among other provisions. The Maui Sandal Project presents the company with a huge opportunity to improve its global appeal and ultimately its revenues. The production costs of women’s shoes are quite varying. This depends on the four machine operators with regard to which job type each one of them assumes (Fischer, 2008). It is important to assign each operator on a job, which he does best. This will help in reducing the costs indicated upon analysis. Additionally, the transportation costs assumed by each plant while serving each of the three warehouses vary considerably. It is notable from analysis that the cost incurred by Shuzworld F (on a per unit basis) is higher when shipping products to warehouse 3 ($6 per unit). Nonetheless, it is cheaper to move from Shuzworld F to warehouse 1 ($2 per unit). Concurrently, the Shanghai plant incurs a considerable cost when transporting products to warehouse 1 ($4 per unit). It is crucial to note that the three plants can reassign their operations such that each plant ships its products to less costly destinations. Additionally, the plan by the Shanghai plant to increase its capacity from 1300 units to 2800 units translates to additional costs despite the benefits. Nonetheless, demand for more products has not increased as stated by Alistair Wu. The inventory costs are equally infuriating. Shuzworld utilizes 300,000 pairs of shoelaces annually. The cost is estimated at $125 each time an order is made to the supplier. Since the cost of storing shoelaces in inventory is 10 cents a pair, it is improper to stock or purchase more than necessary. This is costly for no apparent reasons. The company will also have to incur set up costs since the batches of sandals will have to begin after setting up the machines. Besides, the costs of designing the efficient processes that will oversee the production of singular units notwithstanding the pairs of sandals that is in a batch (Sharp McDermott, 2011). The costs in this case are able to enhance sustainability of the sandals. It is also important to notice that the company may also have to incur ove rhead costs associated with acquisition or maintenance of machines. These are output related costs since the efficiency of machines changes with the number of sandals that they produce. Finally, the company also ought to contend with costs associated with management of the plant, renting the plant and insuring the plant against various risks. These costs aim at sustaining the plant to enhance predictable and sustainable production of sandals. Impacts The impacts of the above costs are numerous and devastating to the wellbeing of the business. Huge costs reduce profitability and expansion of the company. The production of new Maui sandals is costly and this might affect the continuity of its production. It is important to consider this provision in a critical context. Pang clears her throat and then begins. Based on the experience of the company with previous new lines of footwear, it is estimated that first batch will take 1,000 labor hours to produce. Concurrently, the costs on an hourly rate average US$1.08. This is quite expensive and might affect the company negatively if the prospected sales are not realized. Based on the above analysis of the cost that could accrue the company, certain decisions will prove important before embarking on a fully-fledged production of Maui Sandals. Its impacts are devastating to the company despite the prospected benefits. All these should be informed by existence of demand for Maui Sandals. Besides, the company will have to invest on more machines, warehousing facilities, and shipping requirements. These are additional costs to the company that operates against the production of the new product lines. Additionally, it will force the company to enhance its marketing strategies (hence impact on costs) without which, competitors will dominate the footwear market despite the expenses that Shuzworld will incur. Cost Analysis Tool The choice for the cost analysis tool used in this context lied on its viability with regard to thi s case study. Firstly, the current challenges facing the company call for viable, stringent, and prospective decisions in the Shuzworld context. The tool is capable of addressing the assembly line issues, production challenges, soaring operational costs, reliability challenges, inventory challenges, customer service standards, and other viable organizational provisions. Since the company battles issues related to costs in the realms of machine operators, turnaround times, inventory challenges with regard to shoe laces, and shipping costs to the three operational warehouses, the analysis tool is obviously appropriate in this context. There are numerous provisions emerging from the cost analysis of Shuzworld. These provisions have necessitated the use of appropriate analytical tools as indicated before. The reasons lie on the applicability, appropriateness, and relevancy of the method used to the aspects of modernity and precision. Staffing Plan Recommendation Staffing Plan for Job Ma chine Operators Apparently, there is the need to have a staffing plan for job machine operators and the four assignments given to the new employee in the Strategic Planning department. This is in lieu of the truth that there is the requirement of skilled operators to meet the demand for women shoes. Currently, the four operators complete same task at different times. It is therefore possible to staff the plant to have uniform and predictable completion time and task (Sharp McDermott, 2011). Gruber (2003) explicates that finding the accurate number of staff can assist an organization to avoid unnecessary overhead expenses. Hiring so many workers may prove unfruitful and cost ineffective while too few laborers may become unproductive due to stress and overwork. To strike a balance, a staffing plan is important especially in Shanghai where the line manager attests that it would cost reduced amount of money if specialization were to take place. First, it is advisable to comprehend the current workforce’s productivity. This will entail keeping the right records of all the machine operators and understand the most productive. Besides, the company should be ready and willing to develop plans to train the workers. Friedman (2005) says that this will go a long way in ensuring that the manager is able to identify the bottlenecks of the entire footwear production system. Using the available statistics regarding the workers ability to fulfill specific task will help the line manager to get a glimpse of the average output of the workers. At Shanghai, the average number of footwear produced by worker should assist the manager to understand the entire work. Another factor that could influence the number of machine operators is the peak and low seasons. In particular, when the numbers of women footwear that require particular skills is high and when it is low. Given that the manager now understands the average output of workers, the next stop would be to calculate the requirements of labor and the exact number of workers that would cater for the needs of the customers during both the low and peak season (Sharp McDermott, 2011). In this case, it is important to retain those workers whose productivity is unquestionable. This assists the company to avoid overhead costs that result from training new employees. At this point, Shanghai plant should not consider increasing the number of machine operators since the current customers are very few for the company to hire more laborers. In case of a boom in the number of orders, it is advisable that the company should be able to contract new workers to deal with temporary increase of demand for footwear (Sharp McDermott, 2011). The recommendations applicable in this context regard the four machine operators and the four assignments given to the new employee in the Strategic Planning department. Firstly, for the company to enhance its output and efficiency, machine operator who work faster at a limited co st for a given job task should be allowed to only specialize in such tasks. For example, operator A can specialize in job 3 where he is efficient, operator B can go for job 2 while operator C and D can either go for job 1 or 4 as indicated on the table. Another recommendation is that the company should hire proficient machine operators to save time and cost. Additionally, new and efficient machines should be bought or some complex jobs can be outsourced. It is important for the plant to increase the efficiency of the workers within the plant. This will enhance the reduction of already many processes in the production of such products as the new sandal line. Besides, the plant ought to consider recruiting new laborers in the long-term to assist in the maintenance of machines as well as production of specific lines of production. The assembly lines should be adequately and appropriately staffed in order to enhance efficiency within the plants. Appropriateness will also help in meeting the inventory challenges noticed within the organization. Staffing Plan Output An evident output of the staffing plan is improved skills, efficiency, appropriateness, novelty, and creativity in the company. As mentioned earlier, to enhance effectiveness of the machine operators, the line manager should encourage specialization (Friedman, 2005). After the implementation of the plan, the company should be able to save at least 256. 28 hours that had initially been lost due to inefficiencies of machine operators. In addition, Shuzworld will reduce the labor costs in the long term due to deployment of new and highly skilled labor costs. Specialization and breaking down the tasks to suit each employee could reduce the company’s current inefficiencies. Additionally, the output of the factories will increase as indicated below. This is contrary to the initial figures. Additionally, there will be improvement on the efficiency of machine operators if the trends are changed. Factor y Capacity Warehouse Requirements Shanghai 1600 1 2500 Shuzworld H 3200 2 1500 Shuzworld F 3000 3 1800 Totals 7800 4 5800 Short-Term Scheduling Techniques Scheduling techniques provides the company with the demanded coherency in its endeavors. It is important to schedule the activities of the production systems in Shuzworld. As a short-term measure, the company should adopt an activity network technique in order to recognize the full efficiency of the project. This scheduling technique is also referred to as Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and it facilitates an organization’s ability to comprehend the bottlenecks and different sources of operational problems (Sharp McDermott, 2011). The technique is typical of a network of activities that a company would wish to complete given a specific timeframe. Shuzworld has myriads of activities in different plants that require to be completed under specified time. The company should therefore prioritize the ac tivities and the order for completion of a specified task. In addition, it should highlight the variables and risk factors that may present a challenge to the completion of a task (Monahan, 2000). When scheduling, activity network ought to be presented in a graphical way and may be an easy way for managers to pin point ineffectiveness of a system The activity network includes diagrams consisting of circles. The circles represent the activities such production of new sandal lines and subsequent time that the product would realized (Fischer, 2008). Connecting the circles are lines that depict the tasks and are identified in accordance with their respective timeframes. Shuzworld therefore stands to benefit from such a schedule in that; it will be able to identify the critical path in which an activity can be completed most efficiently. In other words, critical path is the longest path in the network and it implies that a problem in a specific line of production will ultimately cause a delay and an increase in the duration of critical deadline (Friedman, 2005). This means that the project will therefore be poised to delay substantially. As such, all tasks that fall in the critical path should receive attention and be evaluated frequently to improve their effectiveness. References Fischer, L. (2008). Excellence in Practice: Innovation and Excellence in Workflow and Business Process Management. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Publishers. Friedman, T. (2005). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York, NY: Straus Giroux Press. Gruber, W. (2003). Modeling and Transformation of Workflows with Temporal Constraints. Birmingham: IOS Press. Monahan, G. (2000). Management Decision Making. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ryan, K. (2009). Business Process Management (BPM) Standards: A Survey. London: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Sharp, A. McDermott, P. (2011). Workflow Modeling. Massachusetts, MA: Artech House Publishers. This essay on Shuzworld Company was written and submitted by user Laylah Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Essay Example

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Essay Example Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Paper Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Paper For believers of Zoroastrianism, where a soul goes in the afterlife is determined by a balance between good and bad deeds.   The good deeds of a person have to outweigh his bad deeds for him/her to be able to enjoy ‘heaven’ in the afterlife.   For those whose deeds weight out equally, there is some kind of purgatory or mid-level where they are sent, considering that in Zoroastrianism, there are various levels in hell.   Bad deeds can be cleansed by way of confession or by the transfer of supererogatory merits; hence, leeway is left for human weakness. Based on this concept of the afterlife, it would be safe to say that Zoroastrianism teachings focus on people having to collect more good deeds than bad deeds while they are still alive.   As is with other religions, believers of Zoroastrianism, focus their energies on committing good deeds.   There is a catch to this, however, that may affect how believers live their life.   There is a very real possibility that believers would still commit bad deeds with the confidence that if they commit enough good deeds, their bad deeds would still be outweighed.   Their teachings of dualism, where there is a fight between good and evil, and where the triumph of good is always assured, adds to this concept of balancing between good and bad.   In other words, no matter how many bad deeds you commit, you can still enter heaven as long as you commit enough good deeds to gain entrance.   There is one thing of note in this particular concept though, who counts how many good or bad deeds o ne has committed?   Is there any way of knowing if your good deeds have already outweighed your bad deeds?   Despite the focus of Zoroastrianism teachings on the collection of good deeds, there is no disputing the possibility Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3 that people will tend to manipulate and abuse this religion’s concept of the afterlife.   Zoroastrians focus on self-regulation in their teachings, and human as we are, there is always that possibility of going beyond these teachings or using these teachings as a scapegoat as most Christians do nowadays. Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 References Zoroastrianism Religion Facts. 20 Feb. 2009 religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htm.

Analysis of the strategic situation of ARM Holdings Coursework

Analysis of the strategic situation of ARM Holdings - Coursework Example Economical factors: A country that has a stable GDP will be able to finance the semi conductor as the plant itself costs a huge amount of money. The UK is leading trading and power center and has the third largest economy. Therefore the country is in a position to finance the needs and requirements of the industry. While these larger scale economic factors are a strong indicator of economic success, one recognizes that oftentimes the semiconductor industry doesn’t operate in unison with macroeconomic trends. The semiconductor industry is large scale, totalling over $300 billion worldwide. While ARM constitutes a major player in the United Kingdom, globally they are supplanted by a series of organizations from the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Technological Factors: The technologies used by ARM are a major threat to Intel who is dominating the global microprocessor market. With low-end mobile phones the company has become the processor of choice in smart phones as well as tablets. The chips are more efficient in terms of energy than Intel. The larger scale semi-conductor industry plays a crucial role in the supply chain of technological products. Indeed, as microprocessors form the core of a variety of crucial technological devices novel innovations in the market drive industry wide change. Additionally, this process necessitates a high degree of industry volatility. Environmental factors: The products of ARM are low power but at the same time enable more efficient energy products.

Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cave - Essay Example The cave reveals that such people are trapped in the cave of confusion and misunderstanding. The Shadows symbolize the perceptions of people who believe that what we see in the world increases knowledge. When one believes that what he sees should be justified as truth then this happens to be the shadow of truth. The game illustrates how people believe that one individual can be a master. The escape prisoner symbolizes the philosopher who finds knowledge outside his senses and the cave. His intellectual journey revolves finding wisdom and truth. The return represents a different prisoner who desires to find philosophical truth. This essay seeks to discuss how we can use Plato’s allegory to understand what Ishmael Beah went through in his experiences in Sierra Leone’s war. In brief, the story of Ishmael Beah reveals a child’s journey through tribulations. At a tender age, Ishmael life was affected by the outbreak of the civil war. His parents and siblings died and left him in the world that was cruel and brutal. Soon after his family’s death, the young boy was recruited as a child soldier. In his assigned duties, Ishmael ensured that many people understood the devastating impacts of war on young children in his country Iran. Ishmael won a competition in his country for creating insights on the effects of war in Iran. In his life, the young boy spoke confidently about his experiences that eventually captivated many people’s attention on the aspect of child soldiering and the effect of war on children (Plato10). Ishmael spoke on different occasions on behalf of the Human Rights Watch and UNICEF. He created a strong ground for many people to promote children rights and end war since its effect cannot be underestimated. The story of Ishmael is of hope and redemption in that it revealed his passion in humanity. Now that we have discussed the meaning of the Allegory cave, let us now discuss how the Plato’s allegory helps us und erstand what Ishmael Beah went through in his experiences in Sierra Leone’s war. Ishmael Beah is like the prisoner described in the allegory in that he represents the dreamer who seeks knowledge outside of the senses and the cave (Beah 19). As previously mentioned, Ishmael’s journey represented a philosopher's journey of finding wisdom and truth. In a Long Way Gone, Ishmael Beah narrates a riveting story that reveals his different realities before, during, and after his time as a soldier. Before being a soldier, the government army accused Ishmael of being capable of committing terrible acts. At this point, one would argue that the boy was in the cave of misunderstanding. The world around him was dark and filled with torments and pain. As argued by Plato (10), the people in the cave cannot air their thoughts since they can only see life as illusion. However, in the outer world there is light that makes an individual to identify everything that is happening around him. Based on this argument, one would argue that the young boy was inside the cave after the death of his parents and siblings. He could not comprehend why the world was so much cruel to the extent of killing his family members. During his time as a soldier, the young boy was in the outer world of the cave where everything was visible. He gradually began to identify everything that was happening around him and he realized that he was living in the real world. He

Gazprom One of the Largest Gas Producing Companies of Russia Essay

Gazprom - One of the Largest Gas Producing Companies of Russia - Essay Example UGSS assures steady gas supply from the wellhead to the end user. (Gazprom.com, 2008c) d. Processing: Gazprom Group’s processing segment is made up of gas and gas condensate processing plants (GPP), the enterprises of Sibur Holding, and the oil-refining capacities of Gazprom Oil (Sibneft). (Gazprom.com, 2008d) e. Power industry: Its strategic task is to become a world scale energy production company with one whole chain – from production to sales – not only gas but also liquid hydrocarbons as well as producing a wide range of end products, electrical power being just one of such. (Gazprom.com, 2008e) The global strategy of Gazprom is to become the largest in the world for producing and distributing gas to the entire world so that appropriate amount of utilization of the natural resources can be done. Datamonitor (2007) states that 2006 was the first year after Gazprom’s share market liberalization. During this period, OAO "Gazprom" capitalization increased by over 70 % and amounted to $270 billion at the end of the year. Gazprom has been developing a unique resource base, production capacities and pipeline system. This effort take taken the company as the world’s most reliable energy resource suppliers to enterprises, organizations, and individuals. They are devoted to a specialized and accountable advance towards the development of these resources and the supply of the markets both in Russia and globally. Gazprom is engaged in research and development activities to strategize important energy resources in cooperation with the most successful and responsible international energy companies. This makes them quite strong in their operations base and marks the strength of their strategy for further growth. Gazprom is constantly pursuing its business globalization strategy, and actively increasing the supply to the entire globe for its gas production.  In 2006, the company supplied liquefied natural gas to the UK, Japan and Korea for the first time.  

Why students may choose Malaysia as a place to study

Why students may choose Malaysia as a place to study Introduction 1.0 Introduction Several research have been done on international students travel patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditures. In 2008 the Higher Education Ministry Marketing and International Education Division director Dr Mohamed Nasser Mohamed Noor together with the immigration department did an observation on numbers of international students that came to Malaysia and found that the numbers has increased 30% from the previous year which is 65,000 compared to 48,000 in year 2006. The total number is the sum of international students that enrolled in both of the public and the private international institution of higher education. According to Ahmad Nazri (2005) by the year 2010 the government expected and targeted 100,000 international students further their studies in Malaysia and since then, numerous of study either on the travel patterns, behaviors, motivations or expenditures of the international students in Malaysia had been done by public and private university students. Dato Sri Ng Yen Yen, (2009) concludes that Malaysias tourism industry is the second (2nd) highest contributor to the country and it contributed significantly to the Malaysian economy. By importing and receiving more international students they will play the role as a domestic tourist and also a host to visiting friends and relatives (VFR) who came down visiting Malaysia. Studies have proven that the international students and their VFR spends a lot in domestically which will give an impact towards the country economy. For 2005, the Malaysian government estimated that the international students have contributed RM1.5 billion to the Malaysia economy. Tourism has a variety economy impacts. Either direct or indirect contributions. The most direct contribution towards the economy is using local transportation like bus, train or domestic flight and lodging to local accommodations. Other than that, tourist expenditure towards the attractions such as amusement park, museum, shopping complex and restaurants also been categorized as a direct contribution. All in all, Malaysia is still lacking of observation on this issues because other than promoting and expand the information on Malaysia being the international high education, the government didnt invest in anything to maintain and sustain the fact that there will be more than 100, 000 international students that going to enrolled in local and international institutions from public and private universities to public and private colleges. Table 1 as stated above shows the top 10 countries of international students in Malaysia in 2010. A complete draft of the top 10 countries of international students in Malaysia will be attach as Appendix A for future reference. From the table, it shows that, majority of the international students are from china. International students have their own motivation or intention on why they study abroad on certain country. These motivations can be clarified as multi dimension where it may attract by various factors. One of the various factors may involved push and pull motives in bringing them or taking them out of their comfort zone. It may not be the education factors that attract the international students to study abroad it maybe the destination itself. The attractiveness of a destination according to Metin Kozak on his comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations article is an important element that pulls the tourist in their decision making towards the destination. On the global scale as per mention by Weaver and Oppermann, domestic travelers is one of the biggest contributor to the country where there spend a lot compared to the international travelers. International students who stays in a particular country for more than a year and have still have their student permit is consider as domestic tourist. Therefore, whenever they are out vacation or spending in the country (40kilometers away from their resident) itself, there are call domestic tourist. There are numerous of factors in why the international students travel domestically during their study in a particular country. To add up, the Malaysian government has come out with holidays breaks or holiday seasons throughout the year not only for schools but also for working labors. This holiday breaks and holiday season more or less a direct and indirect motivation to all residents of Malaysia to go out and have their vacation and spend. Table 2 as stated below is the holiday breaks and holiday season in Malaysia throughout the year. 1.1 Problem Statement Based on the Ninth Malaysian Plan that Malaysia is becoming the hub of education due the unique education system, Malaysia has a range of qualifications and courses that has been provided in numerous institutions from public and private universities to public and private colleges. Currently more and more international students all over the world interested in studying in Malaysia. The main attractions that attracts the international students to study away from their home may be because of the affordable living cost and tuition fees. Other than that the well planned infrastructure and culture, language and heritage. There is a lot to inquiry in the matter on why or what influenced them to come and study in Malaysia. Majority of the international students that enrolled in the Malaysian institutions are from China and Indonesia and followed by the Middle East and the African countries. Other than that, Malaysia also received great feedbacks from Japan, India, the United States and the United Kingdom. Other than the country that listed, Malaysian government had planned to promote and expand Malaysian international High Education at more than 70 destinations worldwide. The impact that Malaysia will get based on the hub higher education is massive growth on tourism economy. The more international students that came for education are attempt to stay longer and at once making them a domestic tourist which have more spending power than the local residents that are also known as domestic tourist. For that reason, a findings should be compile on the international students expenditure, travel behaviors, travel patterns and motivations during their study period in Malaysia so that the government understand the trends, need and demand of the international students for future purposes. 1.2 Research study objectives This study is aimed to achieve the following objectives : To investigate why the international students chose Malaysia on pursuing their studies away from their home country To identify the motivations that persuades the international students to travel and spend in Malaysia during their study period. To review how often the international students travel (domestically) during their study period in Malaysia To do a research in what are the main activities and attractions were visited by the international students during their travel in Malaysia. To investigate how much do the international students spends during their travel in Malaysia (domestically) To identify on what did the Malaysian government did to maintain or to promote this blooming activity of absorbing international students to their country. 1.3 Research study question Based on the statement stated earlier, as per follows are the research questions : Why the international students chose Malaysia on pursuing their studies away from their home country? What are the motivations that persuade the international students to travel and spend in Malaysia during their study period? How often the international students travel (domestically) during their study period in Malaysia? What are the main activities and attractions were visited by the international students during their travel in Malaysia? How much the international students spend during their travel in Malaysia (domestically)? What did the Malaysian government did to maintain or to promote this blooming activity of absorbing international students to their country? Scope of study This study will only focus on the travel patterns, behavior, motivation and expenditure of international students in both of local and international institutions from public and private universities to public and private colleges in Selangor. The collection of data will be conduct at four (4) well known local and international institutions in Selangor, KDU University College (Damansara), Segi University College (Damansara), University Malaya (UM) and University Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. The four (4) listed institutions were picked out from a list of public and private local and international institutions in Selangor provided by the Ministry of Higher Education (www.jpt.mohe.gov.my). The four (4) listed institutions were picked out for this study is because of the location convenience and these four (4) institutions were believe as they are well establish institution in Selangor and were believe to increase the numbers of international students in Malaysia in the future. 1.5 Important of study Malaysia is becoming the hub of education as the Ministry of Education is aiming for the best and excellence education to attract the international students from all over the world to come and study in Malaysia. The intention of this study is to examine the contribution of international students towards Malaysia economy. By studying on the international students travelling patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditure is important for the government and country where the government will know where the direct and indirect economic contributions came from and who or what are the major contributors to the country. By investigating the contributions and the contributor, not only the government but also the industry and the academic or education sector will attempts to understand the economic impact of the country that they had been brought in. Education sector for some country play a very important role on maintaining on their country economy. Generally education activities will lead to tourism activities and indirectly benefits the country economy. Nonetheless, by studying the motivations and the characteristic of the international students we could examine what are the key points of the attractions that attracted them so the government or the country could upgrade and maintain the attractions for future purposes. This is very important for Malaysian Tourism board to understand the international students markets towards Malaysia. With this study it will bring equal benefits to the Malaysia education and Malaysia tourism sector. This study will also help the government keep track on the numbers of the international students that came in achieving the target 100,000 international students by the year 2010. CHAPTER TWO Literature review 2.0 Introduction Literature review is needed in order to make this study relevant and applicable. Most of the literature review is from previous research and studies on international students travel patterns, behaviors, expenditure and motivations. In clarifying the research objectives and research question that was mention in chapter one, literature review is the utmost important component in this study. Various different sources were used in locating relevant information on this study. These includes library catalogue (Elib.kdu.edu.my, webpac.kdu.edu.my and elsivier-ebooks.com), online data based (bibliography, abstracts and dissertation, magazine and news) and most of related journal articles were reviewed from Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, Journal of Tourism Studies, Journal of Travel Research, Journal of Vacation Marketing and other relevant journal articles that are related to the studies. After reviewing most of the journal articles, it seems that literature review on this study is limited here in Malaysia which means this study was not taken into a serious discussion. Theoretical and conceptual framework is been analyzed in this study in order to identify the main theory or factors and also to identify limitation of the study. As per listed are the findings from all the literature and it has been summarized accordingly. The literature that related to international students travel patterns, behaviors, expenditure and motivations were put into 1) Push and Pull factors : Motivation on study abroad, 2) Push and Pull factors : Motivation on travelling domestically, 3) Pull factors : motivation in spending 4) Most of the theories were found help us to understand the research question that have been stated in chapter one as per below. The research questions : What motivates international students choose Malaysia on pursuing their studies. What are the motivations that persuade the international students to travel and spend in Malaysia during their study period? How often the international students travel (domestically) during their study period in Malaysia? What are the main activities and attractions were visited by the international students during their travel in Malaysia? How much the international students spend during their travel in Malaysia (domestically)? What did the Malaysian government did to maintain or to promote this blooming activity of absorbing international students to their country? 2.1 Push and Pull factors : Motivation on study abroad A number of theory that been studied on the motivation on students study abroad. Push and pull factors are the main factors in driving students to study abroad. Push factors is a intangible factor where its pushing the students to go out from home and study abroad and moving out from their comfort zone due to the socioeconomic, economic, political and other circumstances that involved in their home country while for pull factors is a tangible factor where a destination is pulling the students to study at this particular country maybe because the stable economy, politics, infrastructure and other benefits of the host country. In simple words, the relation of pull and push factors are link to the destination choice of the international students depending on the destination attractiveness, influence and satisfaction of the destination. The international students market in coming to a particular country will generate direct or indirect economy impact as it a growing global market trend nowadays. An investigation made by Jianvittayakit on the travel motivation as the factor of international students chose foreign university in pursuing their study saying that educational factor in particular country is the main motivation to the international students to come to that destination and not the destination attractiveness. With the 88.63 percent response rate on the research survey, it shows that the travel and academic push motivation are important for the student social life where these students have desire to travel to other country and experience a new life in learning a new culture, heritage and language and basically will gain more life and work experience. The results of the study also shows that the pull factors of the destinations and as following are the main motivations on why students are motivate to go to a p articular destinations. The first one is the financial issues is where the economy of the country is stabilize and followed by tourist attraction and safety security of the destination. The findings show that both pull and push factors does have its own factors in influence and motivate the students to study abroad. Table 3 as stated below are the framework on the study of push and pull factors. Table 3 Travel and academic Pull and Push factor motivation Source : Jianvittayakit, L (2010) An investigation of travel motivation as a factor in international students choice of a foreign university : A Thailand case study In order to understand tourist choice of leisure destination, an analysis on the motivation factor on what pull the tourist to the destination is needed. From the study of Zhang, J. Marcussen C.(2007) on Tourist motivation, market segmentation and marketing strategies stated that the pull factors of a particular destination is mainly about the cultural, heritage and the natural attractions of the destinations. The tourist characteristics also play the role in choosing a destination. Example city breaker is a term for tourists that like to travel in the city compared to nature beach is a term for tourists that like to travel where beach are involve. It will also involve the activities and the travel and spending patterns due to significant different between the two (2) characteristic. In the analysis also mention that the destination developer need to understand the needs, wants and demands. The pull and push factors that been highlighted in the study in showing what makes the touris t chose the destination is basically as same as the table that shown above. A study by Mazzarol, T. Soutar, G. (2007) on the Push-Pull factors influencing international students selection of education destination stated the results on why the international students chose particular destination on pursuing their study. The main push factors stated that, due to lack of higher educational program in their home countries made the international students study abroad. Other than that technology development and language also play a role in push factors. For the pull factors, Mazzarol, T. Soutar, G. (2007) stated that there are six (6) main factors that really pull the international students. Information on the host country is needed where the international students may have more knowledge and awareness on the host country. If the host country already been recognize with good reputation, it easily can be recommend by the family, peers and teachers. The cost issues are also one of the main pull factors. The cost issues include the living expenses, the travel cost, tuition fees and others. A cost issue is important to the international students because there have limitation on money. The next factor is the environment and the geography factors. Environment and geography factors cover the climate and safety and security of the destination. No one wants to go to a destination where there are natural disasters. Basically the push and pull factors can be define same as the table 3 shown above. To sum up the push and pull factors on students study abroad, it looks like the push factor may be the main reason or motivation for students to study abroad. The analyze shows that, the limitation of the home country such as higher education programs and economical and political wise makes them travel and expand their horizon to another country where it is more opportunity for them. 2.2 Push and Pull factors : Motivation on travelling domestically People travel to full fill their needs, want and demand such food, climate, family, health, education and others and travelling may be domestically or internationally. People have various and different reason on why they travel domestic or international. A study by Kozak, M (2000) on Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations is mainly about exploring the differences between the motivations of those who are from different countries travelling to the same destinations and second, between the motivations of those who are from the same countries and travelling to two different destinations 2.3 Pull factors : Motivation on spending CHAPTER THREE Methodology 3.0 Introduction This chapter will have a clearer view on the travel patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditures by the international students in Malaysia. This chapter will cover the research design, the research instruments, the population and sample and data collection. The time horizon that will be use in this study is cross sectional design where this study will take place only in year 2011. Cross sectional design is different from longitudinal design where cross sectional design only collects data at one single time compared to longitudinal design where the period of collecting the data is a more little longer. 3.1 Research Design In considering the research objectives and question, the quantitative methods will be using in this study in understanding the travel patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditures by the international students in Malaysia. This study is using survey research method to get more understanding about the respondents. On the designing the study research, these following steps were involve. First is gathering all the literature that is strongly related and relevant to the study to get understanding about the subjects and to educate self. Next step is identify the research objectives together with coming out with the research question on the subject. After identifying both of the research objectives and question, the right research methods were selected to carry the study. Research and analyze on the research instruments will be develop as the online questionnaire survey. Moving on is the step where selecting the population and sample of universities and respondents who will involve in this study. When the population and sample together with the questionnaire has been approved, distributing of the online questionnaire survey to the sample stage will be handling. The results the online questionnaire survey will be collect and analyze for its reliability and usability. And the end stage of the research design is analyzing the data that have been collect and to interpret the result. 3.2 Research Instruments Online questionnaire survey and normal survey papers will be used in this study because it is more appropriate compared than interviews session. Using online questionnaire survey will save time and cost due to this survey will take place in four (4) local and international institutions in Selangor, KDU University College (Damansara), Segi University College (Damansara), University Malaya (UM) and University Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIA) in short period of time. And the advantage of online questionnaire survey is, the respondents which are the international students will have own time on answering the survey. A structured online questionnaire survey will be given to respective lecturers for all four (4) institutions. The lecturers will be ask to give out the online questionnaire to the international students. The questionnaire was developed to compile data on international students travel patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditures in Malaysia. The online questionnaire survey is in English where English is the language that be easily understand by the international students in Malaysia. The online questionnaire survey begin with a briefly introduction on the purpose of this study informing the respondents that all the survey information is will be only use by this research and all information that been share will be completely confidential. The online questionnaire survey is a close ended question and purposely made in three parts to avoid confusion during the surveys. Demographics characteristic question such as gender, age, country of origin, program studying in Malaysia is in part one of the online questionnaire survey and on the second part of the online questionnaire survey is measuring the on why the international students chose Malaysia in pursuing their studies, what motivates the international students to travel, how much the international students spend during their travel. Both were in close ended questionnaire. The last part of the questionnaire is scaling question. Five point scale range from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree which requires respondents to circle one (1) point for each question 3.3 Population and Sample This study will be conduct at four (4) well known local and international institutions in Selangor, KDU University College (Damansara), Segi University College (Damansara), University Malaya (UM) and University Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIA) which will involve their international students. As per mention in chapter one (1), the four (4) listed intuitions were picked out from a list of public and private local and international institutions in Selangor provided by the Ministry of Higher Education (www.jpt.mohe.gov.my). The four (4) listed institutions were picked out for this study is because of the location convenience and these four (4) institutions were believe as they are well establish institution in Selangor and were believe to increase the numbers of international students in Malaysia in the future. Majority of the international students from each institution that stated above will be involve for this study. And from the list, 100 international students from each institution will be selected by using the random sampling method. Random sampling method were chosen because to avoid bias during the whole study. The 100 international students will be choose via the computer using the SPSS version 17 out from the sample frame which will be provide by the institutions. By performing this, each student will have the same chance of being selected meaning there will be no biased. The sample frame consists of all the international students that are studying in the institution. A copy of the online questionnaire survey will be attach as Appendix B for future reference. 3.4 Data Collection The data collection for all four (4) institutions will take place in early March 2011 where new semester will take place. In order to make the data collection of this study flawless, a visit to the administration office of all four (4) institutions will be made in order to secure permission in doing the online survey. An official letter also will be given to make it official. A copy of the official letter of performing the online survey will attach as Appendix C for future reference. According to all four (4) administration officer, the easiest way to reach for the international students in completing the survey is during their computer classes. The site or the URL of the online questionnaire survey will be given to the respective lecturer and the site or the URL will be given to the respondents at the end of their class. 3.5 Data Analysis In analyzing the data that will be collect, frequency analysis will be use in summarizing the data. Frequency analysis is one of the descriptive statistic components where it only can be computed by the computer. Analyzing by using the SPSS version 17, the summary of the data will be shown in histogram forms. Other than the frequency analysis methods, the chi square test also will be use to test the relationship between the demographics and the travel patterns, behaviors, motivations and expenditures of the international students. Correlation and regression also will be use in this data analysis. Both methods will be use in order to analyze two (2) variables whether they associated with each other or otherwise.